Methodologies & Technologies for Delivery -Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Methodologies and Technologies for Delivery of IT Projects. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to put emphasis on the methodologies and techniques which are appropriate for the delivery of IT projects. John Banks scenario is a big project which will require proper and appropriate project management methodology in manner to make the project successful. Planning methodology for a big project can be delivered in various phases in which each phase can be interlinked or may be overlapping during any project activities (Hill, 2013). Various tools have also been proposed in this report which will help in better managing and scheduling the project including the expenditures in manner to complete the project in time. Recommended appropriate methodology according to the provided scenario will be waterfall as mentioned its principles and benefits on the explanation why it will be better than any other methodology and technique. Planning methodologies for the delivery of current and future IT projects For the successful delivery of an IT project planning methodologies can be sub-divided in four phases which are: Phase 1: Project Initiation; It is the mean time of the whole project when the idea of the project is defined, evaluated and authorized. The executive committee of John Banks Information Technology should be given the responsibility to review the project as Project Review Committee (PRC) and meet on a weekly basis and discuss the issues and other managerial decisions (Schwalbe, 2015). This phase may take hours or a week based on the size of the project. The major activities and actions that come under initiation phase can be listed as: Governance model Prioritizing Processes of project Initiating remedy project request Perform resource and size/scoping workshop estimates Project return back to PRC for reviewing again Schedule meetings quarterly Project manager is assigned with new Active project Phase 2: Project planning; Project initiation phase is followed by project planning and is the most import stage for a successful project management (Fleming Koppelman, 2016). It is a process that takes lots of time and need more attention; it is not a single activity or task. It defines the activities under the project management and also explains how those activities can be accomplished. The purposes of project planning are; to define the scope of the project more clearly and to obtain sign-off on scopes of the project (Keil, Lee Deng, 2013). Another purpose is to establishing project schedule more precisely and establishing resources based on the skill sets which are identified during the scoping and sizing the project. To plan possible acquisitions and purchase including drafting Service Legal Agreement (SLA) for the services or product involved in the project. The activities that will be helpful in successful planning of the project are Finalizing the Project Scope Statement that is required for the regular projects Creating resource management plan Creating Project Work Schedule that is required for all the projects Creating communication management plan Scheduling a kick-off Meeting that is required for the regular projects Creating procurement plan Creating other valid project documents Phase 3: Project Execution and Control (Project Managing); The main focus of the manager of the project should be to move forward towards monitoring the work being done during the project reaches to Execution and Controlling phase (Beringer, Jonas Kock, 2013). Managing the project plan will ensure that the activities planned for the project will be carried out in efficient and effective manner. It will ensure in making adjustments for any activity that is missed till that time in manner to keep the project according to schedule, resource staffing and other impacts (Cicmil et al., 2017). Following are the activities that involved during this second phase of Project Managing Managing scope Managing schedule Managing issues Managing communication Managing cost Managing risk Managing quality Managing the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Completing service related documents Phase 4: Project Closeout; It is the last stage of the project cycle and one of the important phases in the whole project execution and completion (Archibald, Fillippo Filippo, 2012). Once the milestones and defined project tasks seem to be completed project and customers accepted the deliverables of the project, closeout comes at the completion edge. The key elements that are included in the project closeout are firstly, verification of formal integration by the Executive Committee and stakeholders. Another key point that is involved in project closeout is re-distribution of resources that include facilities, staffs, automated systems and equipments involved in the project. Another key point is documentation of the problems issues and successes of the project and lessons learned should also be documented during this phase. Last key point is to completing, collecting and archiving the records of the project including SLA and signatures (Phillips, 2012). Several activities that need to be cover during the phase of project closeout can be listed as: Completing documents related to Service Legal Agreement (SLA) Conduction of final project closure meeting Archiving project documentation Techniques for the delivery of current and future IT projects Four common tools that can be used in the successful delivery of the IT projects are: Brainstorming: It can be considered as the crucial stage of the project planning and project management process (Davies Hughes, 2014). Brainstorming is helpful for both activities inside the project and outside the project. In brainstorming first stage is random technique and free thinking, a natural approach for many employees whose mains strengths are in processes and systems. Critical Path Analysis Flow Diagrams: It is a method of identifying interdependent and related events and activities in a project by using a tool within Critical Path Analysis called as PERT (Program/Programme/Project Evaluation/and Review Techniques) (Leach, 2014). Following is an example of critical path analysis which can help in explaining this topic more clearly. Figure: 1 (created by author) Gantt Charts: it can be considered as a best technique model for budgeting and scheduling the project and for communicating and presenting planning of the project which helps in gaining efficient and effective success for delivery of an IT project (Nicholas Steyn, 2017). Ganttt Charts are most useful and flexible of all management tools but they usually do not show the inter-dependence and importance of those activities which are moving on parallel during the project. One of the drawbacks in Ganttt Chart is that they do not show the importance of any activity which is relied on the completion of another activity as that can be known by using Critical Path Analysis so implementing both the tools in a project management will help in successful and efficient completion of the project. Recommend the Selection of a Particular Methodology and Technique Based on the scenario Waterfall system development methodology will be most appropriate for the delivery of this IT project. Waterfall: Figure 2: waterfall model (created by author) Waterfall is a linear framework methodology whose principles are: firstly, division of project into sequential phases, in which some overlaps and splash backs are acceptable. Second principle is that it emphases on time scheduling, planning, target dates, implementations and budgets of the entire system at once (Despa 2014). Third principle is to maintain tight control over the whole project cycle by using extensive written documentation. This can also be achieved by formal reviewing and approval/signoff by the management and users of information technology management at each ending phase of the activity or before starting new activity. The situation in the scenario is most appropriate for choosing this methodology for the delivery of the IT project. Waterfall is an ideal methodology for supporting the team which is less experienced or a team who have fluctuate composition. By applying this methodology progress of the system development can be measurable and it is also beneficial in conserving resources. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that Information Technology projects like John Banks case need proper planning with appropriate tools and techniques which can properly estimate all the objectives of this project. Above report emphases on the phases that can be implemented in the project during execution of the project for its efficient and effective completion at the estimated time. Waterfall technique has been proposed as the better approach because projects like John Banks are big projects with large investment and it can only be delivered efficiently by the approaches proposed in this report. Better tool would be Gantt Chart for this project even having some drawbacks it will focus on the completion of project on time and will focus on every hidden activities and resources involved in the project References: Archibald, R. D., Di Filippo, I., Di Filippo, D. (2012). The six-phase comprehensive project life cycle model including the project incubation/feasibility phase and the post-project evaluation phase.PM World Journal,1(5), 1-40. Beringer, C., Jonas, D., Kock, A. (2013). Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), 830-846. Cicmil, S., Cooke-Davies, T., Crawford, L., Richardson, K. (2017, April). Exploring the complexity of projects: Implications of complexity theory for project management practice. Project Management Institute. Davies, M. B., Hughes, N. (2014).Doing a successful research project: Using qualitative or quantitative methods. Palgrave Macmillan. DESPA, M. L. (2014). Comparative study on software development methodologies.Database Systems Journal,5(3). Fleming, Q. W., Koppelman, J. M. (2016, December). Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Hill, G. M. (2013).The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Keil, M., Lee, H. K., Deng, T. (2013). Understanding the most critical skills for managing IT projects: A Delphi study of IT project managers.Information Management,50(7), 398-414. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Nicholas, J. M., Steyn, H. (2017).Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Phillips, R. (2012).A Case Study on Injecting Mobile Technology to Improve Business Processes Between the Scheduling Team and Operational Staff(Doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds, School of Computing Studies). Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.

Management Theory Essay Example

Management Theory Essay Part 2: Management theory essay (individual) Classical Viewpoint This report will focus on the classic viewpoint style of management, and how this may be able to assist Quik Clips hairdressing in becoming more profitable and successful by introducing key aspects that the classical viewpoint entails. I will also contrast this with another well know viewpoint behavioural giving a brief summary the key elements and the key similarities and differences between the two contrasting styles , of it and how also that could benefit Quik Clips hair dressing from a management perspective. Using both types of viewpoints which differ greatly I will be able to guide Quik Clips in the correct direction so that they can become successful and profitable in the future. For the classical viewpoint I will be looking at the key aspects which include scientific, administrative and bureaucratic management approaches also what all these approaches are based around and the key focus of the total classical viewpoint. Bartol pg41) Classical viewpoint the main focus is to get the most out of your workers, emphasising ways to mange work and organise more efficiently, it involves three main management approaches which include scientific, administrative and bureaucratic. The scientific management approach focuses on the worker efficiency through scientific study of work methods , developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor why he developed this was because he saw a trend among his workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Management Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Management Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Which he labelled soldiering which he defines as workers deliberately working at less than full capacity, he saw this problem as much deeper then workers just not working hard but the incentives for the workers to work hard and the way they were managed meant many did not work as hard as they could just for this soul purpose. Taylor began to create the scientific management approach where by he followed four main points the first, scientifically study each part of each task and develop the best method of preforming it, carefully select workers and train them to preform a task using a scientifically based method . The third cooperate fully with workers to ensure they use the proper method, the fourth divide work and responsibility so that management responsible for planning work methods using scientific principles and workers are responsible for executing the work. Through these four simple methods of really communicating to the worker and giving the responsibility he was able to stop soldering , and came with a great response from the workers. I believe implementing these four steps into Quik Clips the company would see great results , as this really givers the workers a chance to exactly what is required from them and how to complete a task in a way in which the management would be happy. It also allows the workers far more freedom in the sense that all the responsibility is on the workers to complete the task without getting hounded by management throughout task giving workers more confidence to use their own skills and initiative. Which would work well with a business such as hairdressing where you cant be looking over your workers all the time you have to trust the will do the job that you require from them. (Bartol pg 41-42) Bureaucratic Management another branch from which falls under classical viewpoint, is an approach that focuses on emphasising the need for organisations to operate in rational manner rather than rely on owners and managers arbitrary whims (Bartol pg44). It is an embellished scientific management theory like scientific it also mainly focused on dividing organizations into hierarchies, establishing strong lines of authority and control, Weber suggested organizations develop comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures for all routine tasks. ( vectorstudy. com) Weber reasoning for the bureaucratic management system came about due when study the Prussian army, where all aristocrats became officers, giving the family members the job no matter if they could do the job or not. This is where his theory of rational thought process came into play he believed that was very ineffective way of picking the officers therefore he created the ideal bureaucracy. I believe some the characteristic that are involved in the ideal bureaucracy the first one that could be very helpful to Quik Clips would be the, specialisation of labour through this the Quik Clips management would be able to quickly and efficiently break down the role of the employee into a routine with well defined task so they know exactly what is expected of them. This will make the employee feel very competent and confident in what they have to do, which would improve efficiency. The second which is key to a new company like Quik Clips starting up is career advancement, this is all about selecting staff and promotion of staff on qualifications and based on merit this key for new company such as Quik Clips as good qualified new staff can really create a good positive environment within the workplace which is vital for new company to establish within its self as it can help promote growth within the company. The last characteristic I would suggest to follow would be impersonality this is a set of rules and procedures that apply to every worker not matter the individual personality, race, religion. This helps build unity within the workplace as all workers see each other as equal and everyone is treated equally, allowing no one employee to be put above the rest due to any personal consideration any employee may have, a new company would benefit from this as everyone starts on level playing field no one employee above the rest. Bartol pg 44) The third and final administrative management approach is different to the previous two approaches mention early administrative focuses on principles used by managers to coordinate the organisations internal activities, the idea of the administrative approach was created by Henri Fayol and is based on 14 major principles Division of work, Authority and Responsibility, Discipline, Unity of Command, Unity of Direction, Subordination of individual interes t to general interest, Remuneration, Centralization, Scalar Chain, Order, Equity Stability of Tenure, Initiative and Esprit de Corps. They way in which this type of approach differs from the first to approaches previously mentioned is that the mangers and bosses are given far more power and less responsibility on the employee as managers coordinate all area’s as no departments are divided giving a manager to each there is only one manger to coordinate all as opposed to the first to approaches mentioned. In relation to Quik Clips out of the principle mentioned in this theory I have chosen three that if Quik Clips chose to go with this type of management approach apply these three principles would provide good structure and allow the company to run smoothly. Bartol pg 45-46) The first principle that I have chosen to apply to Quik Clips that will help it is unity of command in a small business such as Quik Clip hairdressing would be vital as the employee’s that follow this principle follow commands from one superior only, this stops any confusing within the employee’s who they should be listening to when carrying out tasks. This stops division being created within the company when one employee tries to take leadership when they do not have the power do so, a classic example of this division between old and younger workers within companies the older employee’s tend o try and bully younger employee’s telling them things to do often when they have no right to do so. This principle stops all that be clearly showing the employee who they should listen to. The second principle I have chosen to apply to Quik Clip is equity which involve all employee’s be treated with kindness and justice, this is important as it creates good working environment for all workers within the company makes them feel safe within their job and a sense that employee actually does care about the workers wants and needs. Through this the result is far better productivity levels within the employee’s and greater since of trust and loyalty to the company, which is important for the future of the company as they would want to keep the skilled workers they have trained to stay with the company and not move to another organization. This would be important for a startup company such as Quik Clips, as the quicker you build the trust and loyalty the quicker you see the positive results within the company in profits sales and levels of productivity. The third principle stability of personnel tenure again what I have stated in the previous paragraph, it is very important that Quik Clips keep their employee’s and they don’t move on quickly creating a high staff turnover rate, which means loss of time and money put into training and developing new staff. So this should be prevented at all costs at Quik Clips especially within new company as it early high staff turnover rates could send the company under making it very important principle for it to follow if it chose this type of management approach. Bartol pg 46) Behavioural viewpoint this is a perspective on management that focuses on the human side of things rather than the scientific factors, such as classical does behavioral has emphasis on the various factors the influence human behaviour. It focuses on four aspects early behaviourists, Hawthrone studies , the human relation movement and bahavioural science approach,

Rae we pray for you essays

Rae we pray for you essays Murder in the murderer is no such ruinous thought as poets and romancers will have it; it does not unsettle him, or fright him from his ordinary notice of trifles; it is an act quite easy to be contemplated. Is Rae Carruth unsettled? Is he bothered? Is Carruth in the contemplative mood yet? I certainly hope he is. Rae Carruth has taken away a human life. He has violated that certain enjoyment that exists in life. It is what separates the human race, from all others. Logic and reason that we possess in such high quantities as human beings apparently are lacking in Carruths case. It seems to make little sense, especially in Carruths situation. He seemed to have everything going for him, having achieved his dream to become a professional athlete and supporting his parents and relatives on this newfound fame as he had always promised. Yet, something was happening to Rae Carruth. Obviously, he was not happy with his life at that point. Still, murder is not exactly a sensible action, not even as a last resort to most who have their wits about them. It seemed as though Carruth felt that he had no other choice. He seemed to take the classic, I dont like you, so Ill beat you up, mantra of the playgrounds to a much harsher end in this case. With Carruth you must question many things about him, his sanity, his maturity, his intelligence, and above all his reason. Obviously, he soon realized the magnitude of his act, as he fled as a fugitive until he was caught. Murder is not a crime of chance, you have to get the deed done and correctly, that is why Carruth hired a few thugs to do the job for him. Even if Carruth did not pull the trigger, it is very clear that he is still a murderer. His fate is the question to most. This will probably not be determined until Carruth goes to trial, probably in about a year. The prosecution will seek the death penalty ...

10 Jobs That Will Hire You Today, Even With No Experience

10 Jobs That Will Hire You Today, Even With No Experience Fresh out of school? Looking for your first job? Looking for a new job after years of not being in the job force? Need to pick up a new job in a new field quick? You might find yourself banging your head against the Catch 22 of needing experience in order to get a job- and then acquire said experience. You might think that there are no decent paying jobs worth taking that don’t require a minimum of experience. But you’d be wrong. Here are a number of perfectly good jobs that don’t require you to have work experience in that field. Stay in them happily, or use them as a stepping stone to other career moves.1. Administrative AssistantWhat is valued most by people looking to hire an admin assistant or an executive secretary is not experience, but skill. Can you do the job. Are you preternaturally organized? Super reliable, trustworthy, discreet, able to multitask with the best of them? Willing to pick up dry cleaning and handle confidential legal and financial infor mation? Familiar with word-processing, database, and spreadsheet software? Can you type? You’re hired. Average salary: nearly $38k per year.2. Delivery DriverHave a clean driver’s license? Get work for a national, local, global, or regional company driving delivery vehicles. You’ll even have the benefit of a great deal of scheduling flexibility- and a chance to get your foot in the door at a company. Average salary: anywhere from $16-46k per year.3. Bill CollectorDidn’t even know this was a job? All you need is a high school diploma, good phone manner, and good customer service skills to be able to help chase down payments from negligent payers. This career is expected to grow 19% in the next ten years and the average salary ranges from $21-48k per year.4. Security OfficerAlways wanted to be a cop but don’t want to bother with all the training? Try being a security officer for an office building, a lobby, a museum, or a mall. You’ll have to be on your feet most of the time, but you’ll get on-the-job training, flexible hours, and the average salary is over $35k per year.5. BartenderIf you can handle the work, and make the drinks, and keep from overserving unruly clientele, then you can make great money behind a bar. If experience is necessary for one of these jobs, it is usually as simple as attending a course or bartending school. And you can make as much as $50k per year.6. School Bus DriverYou’ll have to be patient and a very, very safe driver, but you can make anywhere from $16-$40k driving children to and from school- with no prior experience. You might even score some decent benefits.7. Real Estate BrokerYou need to take a 60-hour course and pass a test, but once you do, you’re qualified to be a broker. What matters in this job is more who you know and how broad your network, rather than how many years you’ve been selling houses. If you’re good at sales and personable, this might be for you. It starts small, but the compensation can be wildly enticing. Average salary ranges from: $30-227k.8. HR AssistantHelp screen job applicants for companies (and learn something in the process). You’ll get decent benefits and a competitive salary (around $38k per year). And the more skills you have with computers and communication, the better off you’ll be.9. ClerkConsider working at the local courthouse, DMV, or municipal office. City governments employ a ton of people; you might as well be one of them! Experience requirements are very low, but benefits are high. And the average salary is around $38k.10. Cable InstallerEver wonder about the guy or gal who comes to install your cable or internet? Chances are you could have their job with little to no experience. You’ll get on-the job-training, of course. And people skills are a plus. Contact your local provider to see about job openings. Average annual salary: between $21-52k.

Beliefs In The Existence Of Ghosts And Poltergeists Term Paper

Beliefs In The Existence Of Ghosts And Poltergeists - Term Paper Example Saul was inclined to fits and visions, and perhaps in this instance, all that happened was that his imagination took over at a time when he was desperate. The prediction wasn’t even totally correct, although Saul would die at the hand of the Philistines – but that is likely to have happened anyway he was so disheartened. Webster’s Dictionary defines a ghost as being ‘a spirit or a demon, a disembodied soul.’ believed to be an inhabitant of an unseen world. Kipling, whose son died in the Ist World War and who might well have wanted contact with him, is warning people to leave well alone. The ghost of Samuel is not, of course, the only well known literary ghost. In the Odyssey, Homer describes how Circe advises Odysseus to consult the spirits of the dead. ( Odyssey 11 v 23-28.) There is also Hamlet’s father in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Banquo in his Macbeth., the ghosts being devices to explain a character’s inner feelings or move the story on. ‘Whethering Heights’ by Emily Brontà © ( 1847) has its Kathy clawing at the windows. Dickens, of course, had Marley appearing to Scrooge ( A Christmas Carol, 1843), one of the few instances in literature where some good resulted. In modern-day films, we have the Ghostbusters and of course the Harry Potter films, both of which show ghosts as being evil things, although J.K. Rowling also portrays more gentle beings such as Harry’s parents. In C.S. Lewis’s ‘The Great Divorce’ (1945) the author describes ghosts who have to choose whether to give up their sins and go to he aven or whether they prefer to retain them and go to hell. Stevie Smith in her 1953 poem ‘ Not waving but drowning’ has the dead man explaining his predicament.

How the Zomia interacts with Thailand politics Research Paper

How the Zomia interacts with Thailand politics - Research Paper Example The 2006 coup de tat and other physical elements have been attributed to the two camps. The strategic position of Thailand in Zomia has been seen as a key element that has shaped the nature of politics of this nation, as some elements of the past are still prevalent. Thailand is situated in the epicenter of Indochina peninsula in the Southeastern part of Asia. Thailand politics has attracted attention all over the world. It has a monarchy kind of leadership with the current leader being King Bhumibol Adulyalje, Rama IX (McCargo & Hongladarom, 2004). The king has served the country since 1946 and has been termed all over the world as the longest serving personality in his capacity as the head of state. His monarch has served the longest in the history of monarchy in Thailand. The nation is at present ruled by a military junta that seized power in 2014. The politics in Thailand are characterized by a number of elements as influenced by the culture of the one Zomia and those from the lowlands. The recent political crisis in the country since the wake of 2005 has seen the onset of two perspectives; the yellow shirts and the red shirts (CNN, 2008). People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) and the Peoples Power Party (PPP) have played a big role i n the recent political crisis. The conflict between the two parties would later translate to a conflict between Democratic Party led by the Prime Minster Abhisit Vejjajiva government and the National United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD). UDD followers normally dress in Red Shirts while PAD followers dress in Yellow shirts (BBC, 2012). The yellow color is preordained to embody the royal aspect of the reigning king of the nation. The UDD red code is a sign of support to Thaksin Shinawatra, a deposed prime minister. Thailand is a center of two bitter camps, the Red Shirts, and the Yellow Shirts. The birth of the color codes is more dependent on

Myth’s Function in the Public World Essay Example for Free

Myth’s Function in the Public World Essay The four main objectives are more extensive than is necessary. From other research and revitalization projects, the main objectives include the commercial enterprise (vacancies) inventory and the communities and surrounding areas population ideal of the area. In fact, having a private investor interested in the area is better than most areas. Many central business districts had to give financial incentives, such as lower rent or tax breaks to get entrepreneurs into the area. In the case study, Williams Realty Corporation was readily taking the first step in the revitalization process. The main objects were really to get people back into the downtown area through creating an area of individual retailers, corporations, restaurants and entertainment facilities, and new residential projects that would be able to renovate the old building and create a trendy Mecca for the young adults in the area that wanted to be close to work and entertainment. The fact that William Realty Corporation had done all the planning and preparation and just wanted the data is exceptional. However the data is what seems to be lacking in most cases, but by focusing on the two main objectives, the plan could move forward (Duvoli, 2004; Faulk, 2006; Weiler, 2000). 2. Briefly outline a research proposal by listing the appropriate techniques for collection of these data. Based on other research of central business district development the focus of the study should be on the gaining of population to start using the area again. Through tax records and housing data a basic understanding of the district can show the number of vacancies and when the decline of the area began. With this information the survey of viable building and the occupancy rates along with a walking survey of those people who work and live in the central business district should be undertaken. This survey does not have to be on a grand scale, but needs to ask the important questions, such as what is missing from the area, what would need to be included to make the area more people friendly. For the most part, any revitalization project needs to look at the business that can use the existing stores and building for either residential or commercial prospects. Old warehouses can offer lofts in the upper areas while allow retail businesses on the ground level. Listening to the people and the area itself will help direct the project and help keep investment to a minimum for the city. Following these easily completed research techniques will allow the city to plan the revitalization easier than without this basic information. It does not have to be elaborate, but it does have to give the people what they want in a central business district (Duvoli, 2004; Faulk, 2006; Weiler, 2000). References Duvoli, J. (2004, March 8).One Hudson River city sees amazing downtown business growth. Hudson Valley Business Journal, 15(5), 3-3. Retrieved January 3, 2009, from Regional Business News database. Faulk, D. (2006, March). The Process and Practice of Downtown Revitalization. Review of Policy Research, 23(2), 625-645. Retrieved January 3, 2009, doi:10. 1111/j. 1541-1338. 2006. 00219. x Weiler, S. (2000, January). Pioneers and Settlers in Lo-Do Denver: Private Risk and Public Benefits in Urban Redevelopment. Urban Studies, 37(1), 167-179. Retrieved January 3, 2009, doi:10. 1080/0042098002348