Criminal Justice Budget Essay

Harris County, in Houston Texas, contains a really enormous populace, and a vast dominant part of that populace delegated mortgage holders. Harris county’s geographic size is impressively huge, with a populace gauge surpassing 3,935,855 people groups in 2007 (US Census Bureau, 2009). Moreover, the level of Caucasians is around 73. 6%, with the Black populace comprising of 18. 9%, Native Americans surpassing . 6%, Asian people around 5. 5% and ultimately the Hispanic populace being around 38. 6% (US Census Bureau, 2009). The land region per 200 square miles is 1,728. Harris County’s current government going through financial plan for the time of 2007 is around 21, 152, 659. While deciding a spending plan for Harris County, one significant viewpoint to consider is the county’s retail deals, which is around 39,358,036, showing the current of industry and financial development. The government spent more than 19 billion dollars in 2003 on the war on drugs, at a pace of around 600 dollars for each second (www. drugsense. organization). The aggregate sum of cash spent on the war on drugs at the government level is about 4,258,600,939, while at the state level 6,536,936,825, totaling over 10,800,600,300 dollars (www. drugsense. com). The bombed war on drugs has not halted tranquilize use, despite what might be expected, it has made criminal cartels rich by illegalizing drugs, in this manner giving them an item to sell, and expanded the accessibility and power of medications, in any case, additionally their pace of use the nation over. For instance, after the US has spent more than 500 billion dollars to battle drugs, cocaine is currently as modest as it was when boss Escobar passed on and all the more intensely utilized, moreover, methamphetamine, which was grain even an issue in the years following 1993, is presently utilized by more than 1. 5 million Americans and is demonstrated to be more addictive than split (Wells, 2007). The war on drugs has put more than 500,000 individuals in jail for sedate wrongdoings with no discernable impact on the medication dealing industry, on the off chance that anything; it has developed (Wells, 2007). While setting up a financial plan for Harris County, the most significant thing that should be possible is finishing the bombed war on drugs, which would spare citizens an expected 12 billion dollars or progressively a year. Moreover, rather than centering a larger part of the states government financial plan on building more detainment facilities start constructing more colleges, and private networks. I think that its fascinating to take note of that the yearly expense to citizens in California to keep and keep up their penitentiaries is around 10 billion every year, if this spending pattern proceeds; California will spend more on detainment facilities than on colleges (Abramsky, 2007). In completion the war on drugs, with the billions that would be spared, tax reductions, business impetuses, and a general increment in the way of life for the network. Besides, rather than building detainment facilities, states could manufacture genuine, industry that produces’ genuine products. References Wells, Ben (2007) How America Lost the War on Drugs Rolling Stone recovered on March 16, 2009 from http://www. rollingstone. com/news/story/17438347/how_america_lost_the_war_on_drugs Abramsky, Sasha (2007) Prison Crisis: Will California Spend more on correctional facilities than Universities? Rights and Liberties recovered on March 16, 2009 from http://www. alternet. organization/rights/65868/? page=entire US Census Bureau (2009) State and County fast realities The US Census Bureau on March 16, 2009 from http://quickfacts. evaluation. gov/qfd/states/48/48201. html Unknown Author (2009) Drug War Clock Drug Sense recovered on March 16, 2009 from http://www. drugsense. organization/wodclock. htm

Photographic portraiture Essay Example For Students

Photographic representation Essay - Recent and Current Trends and Influences in Portrait Photography-Many picture takers in the past have had dynamic professions that have impacted numerous best in class photographic artists and will for quite a long time to come. Since their work at the time has been protected in uplifting and inventive pictures of their times rock legends and social symbols, likenesses yet movements can been seen through a correlation of photographic artists, for example, David Bailey, Anne Liebovitz and Rankin one of todays most talked picture takers. David Baileys profession was at a high between the long periods of 1957 and 1969 and was generally well known for his striking high contrast pictures of symbols including John lennon and Paul McCartney; Mick Jagger, Jean Shrimpton and the Kray Twins. Right now Bailey was making a progressive movement to 35mm cameras toward the start of the 60s. The SLR camera Bailey bought in 61 permitted him the adaptability to slacken up the style kind. For instance on of his initial style goes for Vogue Young thought goes west highlighted Jean Shrimpton in the confused urban condition of New York. These photos embodied another road authenticity and denoted an uncommon takeoff from the Static officially presented design and representation photography of the earlier decade. Baileys mapping of the 60s was set apart by two assortments of representations; David Baileys Box of Pin-ups in 1965 and Goodbye Baby and Amen in 1969. Incredible pictures of artists including Mick Jagger, Lennon and McCartney mi rror the height of these 60s media legends in these volumes. What's more, on-screen characters, for example, Michael Caine and Marianne Faithful. Alongside models Jean Shrimpton and Sue Murray. Baileys representations are portrayed by close editing, solid lighting and frequently obvious, uncovered foundations; which have given them an emotional and suffering force. With the majority of his models Bailey had an exceptionally close compatibility that carried a specific degree of closeness to his photos, which was remarkable among his counterparts. A few instances of his work can be seen on page six. In these models you can unmistakably observe Baileys basic yet particular style, the two little photos of Michael Caine and Mick Jagger obviously show that Bailey has lit the subject with it is possible that a couple softboxes from the front or 45 degrees and has likewise lit the foundation unequivocally to permit the model to stand apart more plainly from the foundation. Baileys photos ap pear to be very differentiating and he utilizes very brutal side lighting on Micheal Caine it causes the character to seem, by all accounts, to be solid and undermining which may have been Baileys expectation. Bailey stays still as dynamic as could be and has proceeding with significance as a picture photographic artist clear in his contemporary photos of Naomi Campbell, Amber Valetta, Johnny Depp and Ralph Fiennes. Anne Liebovitz whose profession must be famous for her work for Rolling Stones magazine was spread during the time of 1970 to 1990, and the same Bailey she had a nearby affinity with a considerable lot of her models and frequently found them in characteristic napping minutes. Her representations were altogether different from her peers, she infrequently utilized studio set-ups and in any event, when she did they were dissimilar to and customary pictures. Anne attempted to catch a side of the VIPs and symbols that had never been seen and frequently made a strange looking second. Her style was altogether different from Baileys, rather than close editing and unmistakable foundations which was a very much utilized procedure in Baileys studios; she would give each demonstrate an alternate character and look to what the open eye knew about. A significant number of her photos utilize the body just as the face as a methods for demeanor, which is uncommon for a portraitist. One of her pictures, which speak to the time quite well, is one of Arnold Schwarzenegger taken in 1979. It is an amazing portrayal of the hard and fast fixation on self-support and rec center madness that occurred in the eighties. Conversely its so extraordinary to the representations where all you find in a body reinforcement that most people appear to require. Annes pictures speak to individuals identifying with one another in a non-protective way; this is just conceivable on account of the cozy connections she has with her models. Perhaps the best case of her work is the last picture of John Lennon and Yoko Ono. This speaks to the cozy relationship she had the option to work with her models and furthermore utilizing the fetal position gives her utilization of the human body as a methods for articulation, this representation is solid graphically but sincerely it makes an amazing picture without anyone else. In a considerable lot of her pictures a portion of her hardware can be seen, for instance: lighting, stands, sceneries she causes the shoots to appear to be easygoing and manage. Numerous picture takers have attempted to import this style in to their work. Anne utilizes the environmental factors in her representations to speak to a side of her models vocation or character that has never been seen. Her subjects run from being on visit with the Rolling Stones to representations of Bette Midler, Liberace, on-screen character Amanda Plummer, Clint Eastwood and Bruce Springsteen. What's more, as of late was the picture taker mentioned to visit with super gathering Oasis. Unique Paragraph EssayA resemblance can be found in the entirety of the discussed picture takers work for the most part since they were and are especially in the awesome scene! Particularly Anne Liebovitz and David Bailey, in spite of the fact that they worked in an unexpected way. David Bailey the same Rankin utilizes basic sets and lighting methods where as then again; Liebovitz may appear to utilize basic lighting and studio set-ups. Everything is deliberately positioned and lit, and she is known for her confused lighting methods, some may state she is a fussbudget or perhaps an over the top. Every one of these picture takers I have discussed are solid and free characters every one of which doesn't search for endorsement or applause from their work. They are on close to home missions and excursions to perceive how far their psyche will extend in to the new and never done. List of sources: www. Rankin.co.uk, Amateur Photography magazine Photographs Anne Liebovitz 1970 to 1990 National Museum of Photography, film and TV

When Do Your Mental Powers Peak

When Do Your Mental Powers Peak Theories Cognitive Psychology Print When Do Your Mental Powers Peak in Life? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 07, 2019 Frazer Hudson / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology At what point in your life do different mental powers peak? Some of the earliest intelligence tests simply categorized all people over the age of 16 as adults. Today, researchers recognize that the brain continues to develop and change throughout early adulthood and that there are significant changes in how the brain functions as people age. Still, we often tend to think of the adult brain as a relatively stable and unchanging thing, suggesting that various mental abilities are simply static, or even on the decline, throughout most of adulthood. Conventional ideas about intelligence often suggest that people hit their mental peak fairly early in life and then follow a long, slow decline into old age. There is also a tendency to believe that certain mental abilities, such as fluid intelligence, typically peak relatively early in adulthood. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, is  often suggested to peak during late adulthood. According to some experts, this long-held dichotomy might be far too simplistic. Researchers Joshua Hartshorne and Laura Germine utilized a large pool of online participants to gather information about exactly what ages certain mental abilities are the strongest. What they discovered was that there was a surprising consistency to when particular abilities typically peak. Some Mental Abilities Peak Much Later in Life According to the study published in the journal Psychological Science, different aspects of fluid intelligence peak at different ages, with some abilities hitting their apex as late as age 40. “At any given age, you’re getting better at some things, you’re getting worse at some other things, and you’re at a plateau at some other things. There’s probably not one age at which you’ve peaked on most things, much less all of them,” explained researcher Joshua Hartshorne of MIT and one of the studys authors. Hartshorne had previously found that visual short-term memory peaks in the mid-30s before beginning to go down. In a 2011 study, Germine found that the ability to recognize faces also improves until people are in their early 30s and then begins to gradually decline. Digging deeper, the two began looking at archival data from older intelligence tests. What they discovered was that there appeared to be no single mental peak. Instead, different abilities seemed to peak at wildly different and sometimes surprising ages. These results helped inspire their further investigation into how mental abilities change with age. Large Online Samples Offered a Unique Look at Mental Abilities The latest study was able to draw on a large online sample of participants who utilized the websites gameswithwords.org and testmybrain.org. Using the approach, the researchers were able to gather data from nearly 50,000 people across a wide range of ages. Four different types of cognitive tasks were used as well as one task that looked at the ability to detect the emotional states of other people. Hartshorne and Germines earlier research had shown that these tasks measured mental abilities that change as people age. The results revealed what the researchers called considerable heterogeneity in when cognitive abilities peak. When Do Mental Powers Peak? Among the key findings from the latest study and earlier research: 18-19: Information-processing speed peaks early, then immediately begins to decline.25: Short-term memory gets better until around age 25. It remains fairly steady until it begins to decline around age 35.30: Memory for faces peaks and then starts to gradually decline.35: Your short-term memory begins to weaken and decline.40s-50s: Emotional understanding peaks in middle to later adulthood.60s: Vocabulary abilities continue to increase.60s and 70s: Crystallized intelligence, or accumulated knowledge and facts about the world, peaks late in life. While the results that crystallized intelligence peaks later in life are consistent with earlier findings, this study implies that this peak occurs much later in life than previously believed. What could explain this late peak in mental abilities? The researchers suggest that their results might be due to the fact that people today have more education, greater access to information, and more mentally demanding jobs than did previous generations of adults. The results suggest that while older brains might indeed be slower, they are likely to still be more accurate, knowledgeable, and better able to assess the moods and emotional states of others. The researchers are continuing their online research by introducing more cognitive tasks as well as tests designed to measure language abilities, executive function, and social and emotional intelligence. They also agree that further investigations are needed to determine exactly why mental powers peak at different ages. We took the existing theories that were out there and showed that they’re all wrong. The question now is: What is the right one? To get to that answer, we’re going to need to run a lot more studies and collect a lot more data,” said Hartshorne.

Climate Change Global Warming Essay - 1737 Words

A big question is climate change a hazard to future generations? Climate change is and always will be a hazard to future generations and not just for human beings, but for all kinds of species. The comprehension to accept it, is a hazard that species that cannot adapt to the change in climate are more likely become extinct. Luckily, human beings are masters of adaptability. Because our own evolution is a reason for climate change and our capability to adapt. After all, the hazards are always there should we ever fail to adapt fast enough. Our climate is always changing, both naturally and due to human effect on the environment. There were already beyond doubt, proof that animals, birds, and plants are being affected by climate change. What is climate change, some may ask? Climate change is a worldwide problem where the normal world temperature becomes greater. Climate Change is also, known as global warming. Even if there were no increase at all in greenhouse gases, the current greenhouse gas concentration represents a commitment to further temperature increase and sea level rise due to the delay in the release into the atmosphere of energy stored in the oceans.† (Wright, 2017) The increase in worldwide temperatures results in the planet s natural climate control system having to ever make adjustments because of the effects the environment most overcome to balance the economy. The Ocean Circulation is a system of connections of ocean currents which carry water all aroundShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temp erature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

Definition Of Absurdism In The Stranger By Albert Camus

The definition of absurdism is stated on Merriam-Webster dictionary as the â€Å"philosophy theory about the belief that the universe is irrational and meaningless, the search for order brings the individual into conflict with the universe† ( Merriam Webster). The absurdist philosopher Albert Camus once supported the philosophical belief by saying an individuals should embrace the absurd condition of human existence while also defiantly continuing to explore and search for meaning (Albert Camus). Camus is known for voicing his beliefs about absurdism and even including its in his work, most notably in The Stranger where he portrays the protagonist. Meursault as strange, insensitive, and indifferent. In the translated work The Stranger, the†¦show more content†¦In the first paragraph of the story Camus used very understated, short, and straightforward diction to explain Meursault character as carless. In translation note of the story, it says that â€Å"No sentence i n French literature in English translation is better known than the opening sentence of The Stranger† (Gilbert, 7). Usually when a story is being translated its meaning and purpose gets lost in the process but in The Stranger’s translation Camus purpose of making Meursault an odd character who seems remiss is still preserved. Meursault does not show any feelings towards his mother death which confuses the audience. In any other story Meursault would be regretting the time he did not spend on his mother. He put his mother into a nursing home and basically left her without looking back, then when his other dies he just shrugged it off. Meursault does not care about his mother death or it seems. When he’s bosses asks about his mother he brushes it off and acts as if nothing happened. Later, when his friend Emmanuel asks if things were â€Å"all right now† Meursault says â€Å"yes† then changes the topic, eats fast, drinks his coffee, and rushes out.. Meursault does not understand why people are constantly asking him if he is doing fine lately. He feels weird about it and he is the type of character to hate small talk. It evident through the way Camus always makes sure Meursault brushes off everyone conversations brought up by his close onces. All in all, Albert Camus showsShow MoreRelatedAlberts Aimless Absurdity898 Words   |  4 PagesIn Albert Camus’ novella, The Stranger, he exposes his beliefs on absurdism through the narration of Meursault. Camus’ definition of absurdism is a philosophy based on the belief that the universe is illogical and meaningless. Camus, founder of absurdism and French Nobel Prize winning author, sends the reader his underlying theme that life is meaningless and has no ulti-mate significance. This underlying theme of life’s absurdity is extremely personal to Camus through his own individual experiencesRead MoreSamuel Beckett, Absurdism, Existentialism, And Nihilism1753 Words   |  8 Pageseach other. It was an era of hopelessness and despair. Folks were wondering what could this existence come to? What could it call absolve to become? Soren Kierkegaard, Albert Camus, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre and others explored the ideas and schisms that deconstructed the world into base, human-centric concepts. Absurdism, Existentialism, and Nihilism are three concepts that are intrinsically connected as a holy trinity of meaning of 20th century philosophical ideas. The idea that connectsRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesdecisions. 3. Extremely few, if any, decisions are void of negative consequence. 4. Even when part of a group, each person acts and decides as an individual, and is accountable as such. 5. The world is indifferent towards humanity. The definition of existentialism is often hard to pin down, as there are conflicting views within existentialist thought, variations upon the ideas, and a number of so-called existentialists who rejected the title. Perhaps the central feature of existentialism

Physical abuse and mental abuse Free Essays

Physical abuse and mental abuse exist in a lot of relationships today. Many relationships fall apart due to the level of abuse that is present in the relationship Abuse has many forms. Abuse can be physical, mental, and emotional as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical abuse and mental abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abuse can scar a person for life and is very dangerous. It is important to identify abuse in its early stages and to combat its effect and leave the relationship immediately or seek counseling immediately to resolve the issue. Physical abuse is a very dangerous thing. Physical abuse in a relationship should not be tolerated. If physical abuse is tolerated in a relationship it can lead to severe injuries or sometimes even death. Growing up as a child I was a part of physical, mental, and emotional abuse. The first time I saw my father hit my mother was when I was about 9 years old. We were living in New Haven Conneticut. It was about 8 in the morning. My dad had punched my mom in the mouth. It really had its effects on me mentally and emotionally. Seeing my mother being abused affected me mentally and emotionally by not being able to do anything about it and felling helpless. I was in constant panic when he would raise his voice not knowing if he was going to be violent or attack my mother or my brothers and sisters. Seeing what happened as a child and what I was exposed to hindered me. The effects it put on me causes a lot of problems also for me today. It affects the way I interact with people in personal relationships and social relationships. Conflict and abuse affects a lot of people today in many ways and can cause people to become anti social and withdrawing. Conflict and abuse has become a very familiar thing. There are a lot of movies that demonstrates conflict and abuse and the many affects that it has on the people that are suffering from it. I learned a lot of great things from the reading. I learned that abuse has many different forms and is practiced or experienced in many relationships all over the world. I the reading was very interesting and agree with its content. I will apply what I learned by help bring awareness to the affect that abuse has on relationships to people close to me and I will also continue to be aware myself. I will also try to avoid conflict even more in my relationships. I could use this information to help others by giving then the information that was giving to me and I believe that they will relate to a lot of things that they will read and help them to see that they are not alone. Conflict and abuse is very dangerous and should be avoided by any means. If it is not avoided, it can lead to many harmful affects. How to cite Physical abuse and mental abuse, Papers

Why Did a Stalemate Develop on the Western Front free essay sample

Why did a stalemate develop on the Western Front? Stalemate during war is when no action can be taken or progress made. The Stalemate on the Western front, a line of trenches stretching from the Swiss Alps all the way across France to Nieuwpoort in Belgium, was a dilemma that was not foreseen by either the allies or Germany. Originally it had been predicted that the war would be over after a quick and decisive battle, this perception was quickly diminished once the war had begun. No one reason explains why the situation on the western front developed into a stalemate but many factors can be considered. The developments in weaponry have been said to have contributed to the Stalemate. In the early twentieth century many new and effective weapons were being developed. Long range heavy artillery had been proved much more effective than the mounted rifle wielding soldiers of previous centuries. The allies and Germany were both caught up in this weaponry boom. This â€Å"race† for new technology led to the two sides being approximately evenly matched, because of this neither side could make much head way. Also, the Generals in charge of the troops were mostly aged officers whose knowledge of modern weapons was limited. The fast moving nature of modern warfare had taken them by and led to rather outdated methods being used. So even though new weapons were evadible if they were not used effectively they were useless. The problem with advanced warfare and having similar types of weapons was that it was really machine against machine thus getting an upper hand was virtually impossible. Problems in communications also contributed towards the stalemate because the connections between the front line, the artillery and the Commanders were very poor. Most of the Generals were stationed several miles away from the front line, due to this they could not get a clear idea of what was going on amongst the troops. This delay and confusion on the battlefield made it hard to get an objective perspective on the battle. Sometimes the different nationalities such as the French and British found it hard communicating with one another this made it difficult to co-ordinate and pass on orders. As a result of all this the messages taken from the commanders to the front line were often out of date by the time they reached the trenches. The failure of the Schlieffen plan played one of the most important roles in bringing about the stalemate on the western front. Firstly, Russian forces had mobilised much faster than previously supposed they would, this miscalculation meant that Germany had to redeploy troops to the eastern front when they still needed the force to defeat France. Due to this Germanys forces were stretched and did not have the man power to break the French lines, all they could do to stop themselves from being pushed back through the Franco-German border was entrench. This resulted in the two forces entering a state of static warfare, fighting in this way makes it virtually impossible to gain any land. Secondly, the Germany army was slowed down by Belgium. The Germans had assumed that the Belgians would not put up a fight because their country was neutral. This was not the case as Belgium decided to fight, poorly equipped as they were. This did not stop the Germans but it did give the French troops time to prepare, thus losing the German troops the element of surprise. Lastly, because the German troops had advanced so fast through Belgium their supply trains had found it hard to keep up with the troops this resulted in them being under equipped and poorly prepared. The outcome of the battle of the Marne was one of the most important causes of the stalemate. As the French effort to attack across the border failed they resorted to a retreat to defend Paris. As a result of this the German forces were obliged to quit their arcing motion to meet the French at the river Marne. The relatively well equipped French were fighting on their own land and the Germans, as explained above were poorly prepared and had a severe shortage of men. When a gap was spotted between the German Second and First Armies by reconnaissance planes the French and British forces took advantage of the situation by launching a night time attack which served to separate the two armies even further. When it looked like the Germany would be almost entirely encircled and destroyed, they retreated, pursued by the French and British, to just north of the river Aisne where they built trenches that were to last for several years. This act effectively destroyed the Schlieffen plan and ended the so called war of movement. After the First Battle of the Marne, both Allied and German forces began a series of outflanking manoeuvres to try to get behind the enemy. As each manoeuvre was blocked they moved further through France and eventually reached the coast. This later became known as the â€Å"Race to the sea†. As neither force could break the others lines the offensive came to a relative standstill. This would remain so for approximately the next four years. This lack of progress obviously played a major part in the route to the development of a stalemate on the western front. I have come to realise that there is no single cause behind the Stalemate that began in 1914 on the Western Front but many which all contributed to the eventual outcome. The long term effects of the failure of the Schlieffen plan however lead me to believe that this is the most important reason the stalemate developed as it did. Bibliography History in Focus, GCSE Modern World History (second edition)